Arg-e Bam Citadel: an ancient fortress on the Great Silk Road (11 photos + 1 video)
The Bam Citadel is an ancient fortress located in the city of Bam in southeastern Iran. It is one of the most significant historical and architectural landmarks in the country and is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 
The citadel was built over 2,000 years ago and is considered the largest surviving example of adobe architecture in the world.
History of the Bam Citadel 
The Bam Citadel dates back to the Achaemenid era (6th century BC), although the first mentions of it date back to a later time. It served as an important defensive structure and trade center on the Great Silk Road, linking East and West Asia. 
During the Sassanid period (3rd–7th centuries AD), Bam became a prosperous city. The citadel was used as an administrative center and residence of local rulers. 
Unfortunately, in December 2003, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.6 almost completely destroyed the citadel and the city of Bam. Thousands of people died and the unique architecture was seriously damaged. 
After the earthquake, a large-scale restoration of the fortress began under the auspices of UNESCO. Archaeologists and engineers used traditional construction methods to preserve the authenticity of the structure.
Architecture 
The Bam Citadel is a complex complex that includes:
The Inner Citadel. This is the main part of the fortress, where the living quarters, throne room, mosque and other important buildings were located.
Outer walls. The walls reach a height of 7-18 meters and surround a huge area of about 180,000 square meters. They were built from a mixture of clay, straw and other natural materials.
Tower and gate. The citadel is surrounded by numerous towers and a system of gates, which served to protect against attacks.
Cultural significance 
The Bam Citadel was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004, immediately after the earthquake, to draw attention to its restoration. It remains a symbol of Iran's ancient culture and architectural excellence. 
Today, Bam Citadel is one of the country's popular tourist attractions. Its majestic ruins attract travelers from all over the world. 
Bam Citadel is not only an architectural marvel, but also a tangible testimony to Iran's rich history. Despite the destruction, it continues to inspire people with its majestic beauty and solidity. 
