What did the "calculator" of the 20th century look like? (6 photos)

Before the advent of electronic calculators and computers for simple calculations used abacus, and for more complex - arithmometers, counting tables and slide rules.





With the help of the original calculating device "Arifmometer of the system KIF" you can perform addition with subtraction, and multiplication with division.



The device was created by engineer Ivan Fedorovich Kucherov and named an invention in honor of himself, by the initials: KIF. For addition and subtraction is the fixed part of the adding machine. This is a modification another domestic device, the Kummer calculator, invented back in middle of the 19th century.





Based on the Kummer calculator, many other arithmometers and arithmetic rulers. Ivan Kucherov managed to connect invention of Heinrich Kummer with movable calculation tables, on which perform multiplication and division. The result was a folding device, with with which you can perform four basic arithmetic actions. The original solution of the Soviet inventor - the possibility record the results of several actions and auxiliary calculations.



This arithmometer of the KIF system is the only surviving copy of the instrument. Invention patented in 1928 under No. 4448.