Doctors who performed immoral experiments on patients (11 photos)

A doctor is a person to whom sooner or later everyone turns for help. But there is no certainty that there will be no hidden motives in his actions. After all, he may be pursuing some of his own goals that the patient is not even aware of. Is there a line between immorality and service to humanity? Can cruel experiments be justified by the desire to save the lives of millions in the future?

10. John Charles Cutler

John Charles Cutler, a senior physician at the US Government Department of Health, was responsible for conducting experiments on syphilis patients in Guatemala. In 2005, it became known that prisoners, soldiers and patients with sexually transmitted diseases were deliberately recruited to participate in the experiment without their consent. Scientists then studied the effect of penicillin in the treatment of syphilis. As a result, more than 1,000 people were artificially infected and did not receive appropriate medical care. During the entire experiment, 83 people died, for which the US government issued an official apology to the country in 2010.

9. Aubrey Levin

Under the leadership of Audrey Levin, the government's Aversion Project was implemented in South Africa in the 1970s to treat homosexuals for their homosexuality using questionable methods. Several hundred men and women were selected from the soldiers and diagnosed with homosexuality. Treatment methods included electric shock, chemical castration, and forced reorientation. All these experiments were performed on people without their consent. Those who underwent gender reassignment surgery returned to the army.

8. Marion Sims

Marion Sims performed many procedures and experiments on women in the 19th century as he sought ways to treat vesicovaginal fistula. Despite good intentions, he forced slaves to undergo operations without informing them of the real purpose. The women were operated on several times without painkillers. The collected data turned out to be useful for medicine, but were condemned because they were carried out by force.

7. Wendell Johnson

Wendell Johnson was responsible for conducting psychological experiments that were called "How to Become a Monster" because they were very cruel. With the help of his assistant, Mary Tudor, Wendell recruited orphans from an Ohio orphanage and subjected them to a series of experiments designed to confirm the theory that stuttering was learned. One part of the children was subjected to constant remarks and humiliation. They were told that they spoke incorrectly and poorly. As a result of the experiment, the children acquired a number of mental and speech disorders for the rest of their lives.

6. Albert Kligman

Over the course of several months from 1965 to 1966, Albert Kligman carried out a series of violent experiments on prisoners with the support of the US Military and certain pharmaceutical companies. 75 test subjects were injected with a dose of Agent Orange, a herbicide that was planned to be used for military purposes, to study its effect on the human body. As a result of the experiment, people received chronic skin diseases and their manifestations such as cysts, pustules and large ulcers on the body.

5. Oliver Wenger

Oliver Wenger was responsible for the theoretical basis and practical goals of the Tuskegee syphilis experiments. Over the course of several years, African American men from poor and disadvantaged families were selected to participate in experiments. They were artificially infected with syphilis. The patients were promised free treatment, which turned into life-threatening toxic methods for them. Other patients were not informed that they were infected with syphilis, so they continued to lead normal lives and infect others. As a result of the experiment, many patients died from complications of the disease and side effects of treatment.

4. Herta Oberhäuser

The doctor, Herta Oberhäuser, worked at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. She conducted experiments on prisoners in the field of studying various interventions in the bone, muscle and nerve tissues of the human body. For this purpose, the doctor removed limbs and bones from prisoners and implanted foreign bodies. All experiments were aimed at studying the process of regeneration of various tissues of the human body. The results of the experiments were to be used to treat soldiers. All prisoners were maimed, and many died during operations without anesthesia and as a result of lethal injections.

3. Grigory Mairanovsky

Grigory Mairanovsky, a Russian biochemist and doctor, worked in the USSR to develop a super-poison, tasteless and odorless, which enemies could not identify. He experimented on Gulag prisoners in secret laboratory No. 1. In addition to injections of poison, the experimental subjects were exposed to mustard gas and ricin, and no one asked their consent for the experiments. It is unknown how many prisoners died as a result, but the scientist managed to create the deadly poison C-2.

2. Evgeny Zenger

During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union conducted a lot of research into radiation to find out whether it could kill. This was necessary to prevent the consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants. Scientist Evgeny Zenger spent 10 years experimenting with the treatment of cancer with a high dose of radiation, selecting patients from among the defenseless. They led to insomnia, disorientation, anemia and death.

1. Sigmund Rascher

During World War II, Sigmund Rascher, together with Ernst Holzlochner, conducted experiments on the effects of rapidly changing stress on the human body. Details of the horrifying experiments became known at the Doctors' Court. Prisoners from concentration camps were immersed in cold water for several hours and kept outside in the cold without clothing. After which the frozen people were thrown into boiling water to defrost.